Ação dos inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose-2 na insuficiência cardíaca: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Sodium-glucose-2 cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are responsible for promoting glucose excretion through diuretic effects, leading to an improvement in glycemic profile and favorable impact on cardiac function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of drugs inhibiting the SGLT2 cotransporter in the treatment of heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The search was systematically conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline during July 2023, considering publications in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, including controlled randomized clinical trials encompassing populations with HF and T2DM. The results demonstrated that the use of SGLT2i compared to the placebo resulted in increased cardiovascular effects, with a 30% lower risk of hospitalization for HF, death from all causes, and cardiovascular death, as well as a decrease in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic volumes and a positive impact on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope. These findings underscore the significant impact and benefits provided by SGLT2i in the context of HF treatment, emphasizing the relevance of clinical research focused on the effectiveness of this class of drugs and highlighting the cardiovascular effects, consequently impacting the reduction of mortality and morbidity rates.