Insuficiência respiratória causada pela infecção por metapneumovirus: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a pathogen involved in respiratory tract infections, affecting individuals of all ages. However, few studies in literature have specifically addressed this infectious agent. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical complications associated with HMPV infection. This is a narrative literature review, in which the PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases were consulted using the descriptors Metapneumovirus AND respiratory failure. Twelve articles published in the last five years were selected for analysis. The results indicate that HMPV has emerged as a clinically relevant respiratory pathogen, predominantly affecting vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Although HMPV infection can lead to severe conditions, including acute respiratory failure, its prevalence as the primary cause of this condition is low, particularly in adults, where other respiratory viruses are more prominent. The symptoms of HMPV infection resemble those of other viral respiratory infections, which complicates diagnosis, which is obtained using RT-PCR techniques. In children, although HMPV is prevalent, its severity in lower respiratory tract infections is less than that of respiratory syncytial virus. The identification of comorbidities and risk factors is essential for risk stratification and appropriate clinical management. Research on HMPV has gaps, particularly concerning its pathogenesis and the development of specific therapies. Therefore, future studies are needed to deepen the understanding of this virus, aiming to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory infections associated with HMPV.